Replace Conditional with Polymorphism

• Problema: Condicional que elige comportamiento según el tipo de objeto.
• Solución: Crear subclases para cada caso y usar métodos polimórficos.
• Code Smells que resuelve: Switch Statements Excesivos, Envidia de Características

class Bird {
    enum Type { EUROPEAN, AFRICAN, NORWEGIAN_BLUE }
    
    private Type type;
    private boolean isNailed;
    
    public double getAirspeedVelocity() {
        switch (type) {
            case EUROPEAN:
                return 35;
            case AFRICAN:
                return 40;
            case NORWEGIAN_BLUE:
                return isNailed ? 0 : 45;
            default:
                throw new RuntimeException("Unknown bird type");
        }
    }
}

abstract class Bird {
    public abstract double getAirspeedVelocity();
}

class EuropeanBird extends Bird {
    @Override
    public double getAirspeedVelocity() {
        return 35;
    }
}

class AfricanBird extends Bird {
    @Override
    public double getAirspeedVelocity() {
        return 40;
    }
}

class NorwegianBlueBird extends Bird {
    private boolean isNailed;
    
    public NorwegianBlueBird(boolean isNailed) {
        this.isNailed = isNailed;
    }
    
    @Override
    public double getAirspeedVelocity() {
        return isNailed ? 0 : 45;
    }
}